A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is cut off, either by a blockage or a burst vessel. Brain cells begin to die within minutes, which is why stroke is a medical emergency where every minute counts.
Remember FAST: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency. Other warning signs include sudden numbness on one side, confusion, vision trouble, dizziness and severe headache with no known cause.
There are two main types: ischaemic stroke (about 85% of cases, caused by a clot) and haemorrhagic stroke (caused by bleeding in the brain). Treatment differs completely, so a brain scan is needed urgently.
For ischaemic stroke, clot-busting treatment can reverse symptoms if given within 4.5 hours of onset. This is why reaching hospital fast matters more than anything else.
After emergency care, rehabilitation begins: physiotherapy to regain movement, speech therapy for communication and swallowing, and occupational therapy for daily tasks. Most recovery happens in the first 3–6 months, but improvement can continue for years with consistent therapy.
Medical disclaimer: this article is for education only and is not medical advice. If you suspect a stroke, seek emergency care immediately.